At the minimum, a prepositional phrase will begin with a preposition and end with a noun, pronoun, gerund, or clause, the "object" of the
preposition.
The object of the preposition will often have one or more modifiers to describe it.
These are the patterns for a prepositional phrase:
- preposition + noun, pronoun, gerund, or clause
- preposition + modifier(s) + noun, pronoun, gerund, or clause
- about
- above
- across
- after
- against
- along
- amid
- among
- around
- at
- a top
- before
- behind
- below
- beneath
- beside
- between
- beyond
- but (meaning except)
- by
- concerning
- down
- during
- except
- for
- from
- in
- inside
- into
- like
- near
- of
- off
- on
- out
- outside
- over
- past
- regarding
- since
- through
- throughout
- to
- toward
- under
- underneath
- until
- up
- upon
- with
- within
- without
- etc..
Here are some examples of the most basic prepositional phrase:
- At home
At = preposition; home = noun.
- In time
In = preposition; time = noun.
- From Richie
From = preposition; Richie = noun.
- With me
With = preposition; me = pronoun.
- By singing
By = preposition; singing = gerund.
- About what we need
About = preposition; what we need = noun clause.
Most prepositional phrases are longer, like these:
- From my grandmother
From = preposition; my = modifier; grandmother = noun.
- Under the warm blanket
Under = preposition; the, warm = modifiers; blanket = noun.
- In the weedy, overgrown garden
In = preposition; the, weedy, overgrown = modifiers; garden = noun.
- Along the busy, six-lane highway
Along = preposition; the, busy, six-lane = modifiers; highway = noun.
- Without excessively worrying
Without = preposition; excessively = modifier; worrying = gerund.
A prepositional phrase will function as an adjective or adverb.
1.
As an adjective, the prepositional phrase
will answer the question Which one?
Read these examples:
- The book on the bathroom floor is swollen from shower steam.
Which book? The one on the bathroom floor!
- The sweet potatoes in the vegetable bin are green with mold.
Which sweet potatoes? The ones forgotten in the vegetable bin!
- The note from Beverly confessed that she had eaten the leftover pizza.
Which note? The one from Beverly!
2. As
an adverb, a prepositional phrase will answer questions such as How? When?
or Where?
Read these examples:
- Freddy is stiff from yesterday's long football practice.
How did Freddy get stiff? From yesterday's long football practice!
- Before class, Josh begged his friends for a pencil.
When did Josh do his begging? Before class!
- Feeling brave, we tried the Dragon Breath Burritos at Tito's Taco Palace.
Where did we eat the spicy food? At Tito's Taco Palace!
Remember
that a prepositional phrase will never contain the subject of a
sentence.
Sometimes a noun within the prepositional phrase seems the logical subject
of a verb. Don't fall for that trick! You will never find a
subject in a prepositional phrase. Look at this example:
Neither of these cookbooks contains the recipe for Manhattan-style squid eyeball stew.
Cookbooks do indeed contain recipes.
In this sentence, however, cookbooks is part of the prepositional phrase of
these cookbooks. Neither—whatever a neither is—is the subject for the verb contains.
Neither is singular, so you need the
singular form of the verb, contains. If you incorrectly identified cookbooks
as the subject, you might write contain, the plural form, and thus commit a
subject-verb agreement error.
Some prepositions—such as along with
and in addition to—indicate "more to come." They will make you think
that you have a plural subject when in fact you don't. Don't fall for that
trick either! Read this example:
Tommy, along with the other students, breathed a sigh of relief when Mrs. Markham announced that she was postponing the due date for the research essay.
Logically, more than one student is
happy with the news. But Tommy is the only subject of the verb breathed. His
classmates count in the real world, but in the sentence, they don't matter,
locked as they are in the prepositional phrase.
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